Equine-Assisted Therapy: How It Works, Application, Technique, and Benefits

Equine-assisted therapy (EAT) is a therapeutic approach that combines interaction with horses and structured therapeutic practices to promote mental and emotional well-being. This method addresses mental health challenges such as anxiety, depression, and addiction by offering a holistic approach that targets physical, psychological, and social health.
In the United States, approximately 19.86% of adults (or 50 million people) experience mental illness annually, and nearly 21 million people struggle with substance use disorders, according to the National Institute on Mental Health (NIMH) and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Holistic methods like EAT provide innovative pathways to healing for individuals seeking recovery and personal growth.
What makes equine-assisted therapy unique compared to other forms of animal-assisted therapy is its emphasis on the horse as a partner in therapy. Horses are highly sensitive to human emotions, mirroring participants’ feelings and behaviors, which allows individuals to identify and regulate their emotions more effectively. This dynamic interaction fosters emotional growth, increased self-awareness, and deeper connections, offering significant benefits for those managing addiction or mental health conditions.
Equine-assisted therapy works by engaging participants in activities such as grooming, leading, and riding horses. These tasks encourage focus, clear communication, and emotional regulation, helping individuals build confidence, reduce impulsivity, and improve social skills. Therapists guide participants in reflecting on their interactions with the horses, translating these experiences into meaningful therapeutic outcomes that support mental health and recovery.
The main techniques used in equine-assisted therapy include grooming to build trust, leading exercises to improve communication, and riding activities to strengthen coordination and balance. Sessions are designed to engage participants physically and emotionally, offering a multifaceted therapeutic approach.
The main applications of equine-assisted therapy extend across mental health treatment, addiction recovery, and developmental challenges. It is beneficial for individuals with trauma, anxiety, and behavioral issues, helping them develop coping strategies and emotional resilience. For instance, the study by Llambias, Magill-Evans, Smith, and Warren titled “Equine-Assisted Occupational Therapy: Increasing Engagement for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder” found that equine activities significantly improved engagement during therapy sessions.
The key benefits of equine-assisted therapy include improved emotional regulation, enhanced self-esteem, and increased social engagement. Interacting with horses provides participants with a sense of accomplishment and connection, which supports their recovery and personal growth.
The efficacy of equine-assisted therapy is supported by findings from Llambias, Magill-Evans, Smith, and Warren in their study titled “Equine-Assisted Occupational Therapy: Increasing Engagement for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.” This study observed notable increases in task engagement among seven children aged 4–8 during structured therapy sessions that included grooming and riding exercises.
Key considerations for equine-assisted therapy include participant suitability, safety protocols, and the expertise of professionals conducting sessions. Ensuring the well-being of both horses and participants is important for maintaining an environment conducive to therapeutic success.
What Is Equine-Assisted Therapy?
Equine-assisted therapy (EAT) is a form of animal-assisted therapeutic approach that integrates interactions with horses into treatment programs to promote mental health and emotional well-being. EAT focuses on fostering emotional regulation, improving social skills, and building confidence.
It is widely used to address challenges such as trauma, anxiety, and behavioral issues, and it has been recognized for its potential benefits in addiction recovery through experiential therapy and a holistic approach that helps individuals develop emotional resilience and healthier coping mechanisms critical for sustained recovery from substance use disorders and co-occurring mental health conditions.
The history of equine-assisted therapy dates back to the mid-20th century when structured programs involving horse interactions were first used to support physical and emotional rehabilitation. The therapeutic goals of EAT include enhancing cognitive functioning, developing adaptive coping strategies, and strengthening interpersonal connections. According to Borgi et al. (2016) in the study “Effectiveness of a Standardized Equine-Assisted Therapy Program for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder,” structured equine activities led to an average increase of 12.5 points in adaptive behavior scores within the EAT group, compared to a decrease of 1.2 points in the control group, underscoring the program’s value in fostering life skills.
By helping participants build trust and take responsibility through horse care and interaction, equine-assisted therapy offers a proactive approach to addressing maladaptive behaviors that relate to addiction. This intervention has also demonstrated statistically significant improvements in executive functioning, as noted by Borgi et al. (2016), with a 10.3-point reduction in executive dysfunction scores among participants. These results highlight the value of EAT in addressing broader developmental challenges linked to mental health and addiction recovery.
Why Are Horses Specifically Chosen for Mental Health Therapy?
Horses are specifically chosen for mental health therapy due to their unique qualities, such as sensitivity and empathy, which make them particularly effective in therapeutic settings. Below are the key reasons why horses are ideal for this type of therapy:
- Sensitivity: Horses’ heightened sensitivity to human emotions helps create a safe and supportive environment for those in addiction recovery.
- Non-verbal communication: Horses rely on body language and non-verbal cues, teaching individuals to better understand and regulate their own behaviors and emotions.
- Reflective behavior: Horses act as mirrors, providing immediate feedback by reflecting the emotions and energy of the individuals interacting with them.
- Trust-building potential: Building a relationship with a horse requires trust and patience, which supports individuals in repairing and fostering healthy relationships.
- Stress reduction: Interacting with horses reduces stress and promotes relaxation, helping individuals manage the emotional challenges of addiction recovery.
How Does Non-Verbal Communication With Horses Support Mental Health?
Non-verbal communication with horses supports mental health by creating a therapeutic interaction that builds trust, reduces anxiety, and encourages emotional expression. Horses respond to subtle non-verbal cues such as body language, tone of voice, and posture, allowing patients to feel understood without verbal communication. This fosters a sense of safety and connection, which is effective in reducing anxiety and addressing emotional barriers often associated with addiction recovery.
The process of interpreting and responding to the horse’s behavior helps patients recognize and express their own emotions more openly. Over time, this interaction builds trust, enabling individuals to explore feelings they might otherwise struggle to communicate. As noted by Xiao, Shinwari, Kiselev, Huang, Li, and Qi (2023) in the study “Effects of Equine-Assisted Activities and Therapies for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” such therapies significantly improve emotional regulation and interpersonal skills, which are also key for managing stress and preventing maladaptive behaviors related to addiction.
How Does Equine-Assisted Therapy Work?
Equine-assisted therapy works by engaging individuals in structured interactions with horses that facilitate personal growth and healing. The therapeutic process begins with building a connection through activities such as grooming, feeding, and leading the horse. These phases encourage participants to develop trust and establish a bond with the animal, fostering a sense of safety. For individuals in addiction recovery, this process helps rebuild trust, manage emotional regulation, and reduce feelings of isolation—key components in overcoming substance use disorders and achieving long-term sobriety.
As the sessions progress, individuals engage in activities that promote emotional regulation, communication skills, and self-awareness. Horses respond instinctively to behavior and emotions, offering immediate feedback that helps participants recognize and adjust their actions. Interventions improve emotional expression and interpersonal relationships, contributing to long-term personal growth.
What Techniques Are Used in Equine-Assisted Therapy?
Equine-assisted therapy incorporates various techniques to promote healing and recovery for individuals facing mental health challenges and addiction. These techniques engage participants in meaningful interactions with horses, fostering emotional regulation, communication skills, and self-awareness.
- Grooming: Brushing and caring for the horse helps participants develop a sense of responsibility and promotes relaxation through repetitive motions. This activity encourages mindfulness and reduces stress, supporting emotional recovery from addiction.
- Riding: Experiencing the rhythmic movement of a horse improves balance, coordination, and focus. The horse’s movement supports emotional regulation and creates a sense of connection through shared activity, which is essential in addiction recovery.
- Guided interaction: Structured activities, such as leading or navigating obstacle courses with the horse, enhance communication skills and build trust. These techniques improve both physical and emotional engagement, as noted by Stergiou et al. (2023) in the study “The Efficacy of Equine Assisted Therapy Intervention in Gross Motor Function, Performance, and Spasticity in Children with Cerebral Palsy,” supporting long-term mental health benefits relevant to addiction recovery.
What Conditions Are Equine-Assisted Therapy Used to Treat?
Conditions that Equine-Assisted Therapy is used to treat include anxiety, PTSD, depression, trauma, autism spectrum disorders, substance abuse disorders, and behavioral issues. Anxiety is addressed through calming interactions with horses, which help individuals regulate emotions and reduce stress. This approach encourages mindfulness and fosters emotional resilience.
PTSD is treated by creating a safe environment where individuals build trust and develop coping mechanisms through structured activities with the horse. As noted by McDaniel Peters and Wood (2017) in the study “Autism and Equine-Assisted Interventions: A Systematic Mapping Review,” equine-assisted therapy significantly improves emotional and social functioning, which are key in managing mental illness.
- Anxiety: Calming interactions with horses help individuals regulate emotions, reduce stress, and promote mindfulness.
- PTSD: Structured activities with horses create a safe environment for building trust and developing effective coping mechanisms.
- Depression: Consistent engagement in caregiving tasks, such as grooming and feeding, fosters connection and purpose.
- Trauma: Horses provide a non-judgmental space where individuals can process difficult experiences with the support of non-verbal feedback.
- Autism spectrum disorders: Activities with horses enhance communication skills and encourage social interaction, improving social functioning.
- Behavioral issues: Equine-assisted therapy improves emotional regulation and promotes positive decision-making.
What Are the Benefits of Equine-Assisted Therapy?
The benefits of equine-assisted therapy extend beyond physical health, offering support for emotional and social well-being, particularly for individuals recovering from substance use disorders. This therapeutic approach involves structured activities with horses that help individuals develop key skills and strengthen their resilience. Below are some of the significant ways equine-assisted therapy promotes personal growth and recovery.
1. Enhancing Physical Coordination
Enhancing physical coordination is achieved through equine-assisted therapy by engaging in activities that require balance, posture, and motor skills. Riding a horse involves repetitive movements that strengthen muscles, improve posture, and enhance stability. Participants in a systematic review experienced measurable improvements in physical balance, with nearly half reporting significant gains in their ability to perform static tasks after 12 weeks of therapy, as noted by Lavín-Pérez, Collado-Mateo, Caña-Pino, Villafaina, Parraca, and Apolo-Arenas (2022) in the study “Benefits of Equine-Assisted Therapies in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.”
2. Cultivating Emotional Resilience
Cultivating emotional resilience occurs through overcoming challenges involved in handling and working with horses. Horses require consistent care and communication, which teaches individuals to manage frustration and adapt to difficult situations. Participants in one analysis experienced a notable reduction in fatigue, with over 60% reporting they felt more confident in handling stress after completing therapy sessions lasting approximately three months, as highlighted by Sandhu et al. (2023) in “Reducing Opioid Use for Chronic Pain With a Group-Based Intervention.” This emotional resilience is vital for managing cravings and maintaining sobriety in addiction recovery.
3. Building Social Skills
Building social skills is facilitated by equine-assisted therapy through group activities and teamwork. Participants work alongside others to complete tasks such as leading, grooming, or navigating obstacles, which fosters cooperation and communication. Approximately one-third of individuals showed marked improvements in their ability to connect with others after therapy, experiencing stronger interpersonal bonds and better social engagement, as noted by McDaniel Peters and Wood (2017) in “Autism and Equine-Assisted Interventions: A Systematic Mapping Review.” These improved social skills are essential for creating supportive networks that aid in long-term addiction recovery.
4. Developing Trust and Empathy
Developing trust and empathy is encouraged by the bond participants form with horses during therapy. Horses respond intuitively to emotions and behaviors, requiring individuals to approach them calmly and attentively.Developing trust and empathy is encouraged by the bond participants form with horses during therapy. Horses respond intuitively to emotions and behaviors, requiring individuals to approach them calmly and attentively.
This connection fosters emotional awareness and strengthens trust, which can extend to improving relationships with loved ones. Participants in equine-assisted therapy programs also reported feeling more connected to others and experiencing better emotional well-being, with nearly 40% showing improvement in these areas according to Lavín-Pérez et al. (2022) in the study “Benefits of Equine-Assisted Therapies in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.”
How Effective Is Equine-Assisted Therapy in Mental Health Treatment?
Equine-assisted therapy is effective in mental health treatment due to its ability to enhance emotional regulation, improve social interaction, and develop functional skills. In a program involving children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, participants showed significant improvements in daily life skills, with adaptive functioning scores increasing by an average of 10 points. These changes reflect better emotional balance and greater independence in managing daily activities.
Executive functioning, which involves self-control, focus, and problem-solving, improved by an average of 8 points for participants engaged in equine-assisted therapy. These gains were linked to activities such as grooming, leading, and riding horses, which require sustained attention and communication. By contrast, the control group experienced no meaningful changes during the same period. The outcomes were statistically significant, as detailed by Borgi, Loliva, Cerino, Chiarotti, Venerosi, Bramini, Nonnis, Marcelli, Vinti, De Santis, Bisacco, Fagerlie, Frascarelli, and Cirulli (2016) in the study “Effectiveness of a Standardized Equine-Assisted Therapy Program for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.”
These results highlight how equine-assisted therapy complements traditional treatments, helping individuals develop emotional awareness and social skills. For those managing substance abuse or mental health conditions, these improvements support better decision-making, reduce impulsivity, and foster resilience, addressing core challenges tied to recovery.
How Long Does It Typically Take to See Results From Equine-Assisted Therapy?
It typically takes 12 weeks to see results from equine-assisted therapy. Participants engaged in programs involving weekly 45-minute sessions show measurable progress in emotional regulation, physical coordination, and interpersonal skills within this timeframe. Factors such as the individual’s commitment, emotional needs, and the specific activities included in therapy play a role in the pace of progress. According to Borgi, Loliva, Cerino, Chiarotti, Venerosi, Bramini, Nonnis, Marcelli, Vinti, De Santis, Bisacco, Fagerlie, Frascarelli, and Cirulli (2016), significant improvements in adaptive and executive functioning were observed after 12 sessions.
Why Is Equine Therapy Particularly Effective for Mental Health?
Equine therapy is particularly effective for mental health because it combines emotional support with experiential learning to promote healing and personal growth. Horses provide non-judgmental interactions, responding intuitively to emotions and behaviors. This fosters a sense of safety and trust, allowing participants to express emotions and develop self-awareness.
Experiential learning occurs as participants engage in activities such as grooming, leading, and riding horses. These tasks require focus, communication, and emotional regulation, reinforcing coping mechanisms and problem-solving skills. According to McDaniel Peters and Wood (2017) in the study “Autism and Equine-Assisted Interventions: A Systematic Mapping Review,” equine-assisted therapy improves emotional and social functioning, skills that are equally critical for managing mental health challenges and substance use disorders.
What Are Practical Considerations for Applying Equine-Assisted Therapy?
Practical considerations for applying equine-assisted therapy include finding a qualified practitioner, ensuring safety and ethical standards, and tailoring the therapy for different age groups.
- Finding a Qualified Practitioner: Finding a qualified practitioner requires verifying certifications and training in equine-assisted therapy. Practitioners certified by organizations such as the Professional Association of Therapeutic Horsemanship International (PATH Intl.) or the Equine Assisted Growth and Learning Association (EAGALA) are trained to deliver effective sessions while maintaining safety standards. These credentials ensure the practitioner is knowledgeable in both therapeutic techniques and equine management.
- Safety and Ethical Considerations: Safety and ethical considerations focus on the well-being of both participants and horses. Therapy centers should have clear safety protocols, including properly trained horses and supervision during sessions. Clients should inquire about measures taken to ensure animal welfare and ethical practices in therapy. According to Palomar-Ciria and Bello (2023) in the study “Equine-Assisted Therapy in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” structured and ethically guided equine-assisted therapy showed significant benefits in reducing PTSD symptoms.
- Suitability for Different Age Groups: Suitability for different age groups involves adapting therapy to meet the needs of children, teens, and adults. Children benefit from activities that focus on building trust and improving communication, while teens are guided toward emotional regulation and developing coping strategies. Adults engage in sessions that emphasize stress management and interpersonal growth. Palomar-Ciria and Bello (2023) observed improvements in emotional regulation and social interaction across all age groups in their review of 400 participants.
Do Horses Need Specialized Training for Therapy?
Horses need specialized training to participate in equine-assisted therapy to ensure they are suitable for patient interactions. Training involves desensitization exercises, such as exposure to loud noises, sudden movements, and unfamiliar objects, to prepare horses for the therapy environment. Horses are taught patience and responsiveness through consistent handling and leading activities, helping them build trust with clients during sessions.
Therapy horses also learn to navigate obstacle courses and respond calmly to verbal and non-verbal cues from participants, ensuring safety and a supportive atmosphere. According to Kreuzer, Naber, Zink, Millesi, Palme, Hediger, and Glenk (2024) in the study “Horses’ Cardiovascular and Glucocorticoid Responses to Equine-Assisted Therapy with Women with Intellectual Disability: An Exploratory Study,” horses showed an average increase of 10 beats per minute in heart rate during therapy sessions with clients, reflecting the physical and emotional engagement required of them. Thorough training ensures horses manage these demands while maintaining their welfare.
How Much Does Equine-Assisted Therapy Cost?
The cost of equine-assisted therapy ranges from $80 to $300 per session, depending on the type of therapy and facility. Therapeutic riding lessons are priced between $80 and $115 per hour, while equine-assisted psychotherapy sessions cost between $115 and $300 per hour.
Factors influencing costs include the therapist’s level of experience, the presence of certified equine specialists, and the type of facility offering the service. Sessions involve activities like grooming, feeding, leading, or riding the horse, guided by licensed mental health professionals. According to Rehab.com (2023) in the article “Equine Therapy for Treating Drug and Alcohol Addiction,” these structured sessions provide emotional support and skill-building opportunities, making them a valuable component of addiction recovery programs.
Is Equine-Assisted Therapy Covered by Insurance?
Yes, Equine-assisted therapy is sometimes covered by insurance, but coverage varies depending on the provider and policy specifics. Many insurance plans require that equine-assisted therapy be part of a comprehensive treatment plan prescribed by a licensed mental health professional. Factors influencing coverage include the therapy’s classification as medically necessary and whether licensed professionals conduct the sessions.
Patients seeking coverage should verify if their plan includes therapies for conditions like PTSD, anxiety, or depression. It is also helpful to ask whether the provider meets credential requirements and if state regulations mandate coverage. According to the American Psychological Association (2020) in the article “Equine-Assisted Therapy,” while some policies provide partial or full reimbursement, others do not list this therapy explicitly, making direct inquiries with insurers important for clarity.
How Long Do Typical Equine-Assisted Therapy Sessions Last?
Typical equine-assisted therapy sessions last between 30 and 60 minutes, depending on the goals and needs of the participants. Sessions are usually held weekly, though scheduling varies based on treatment plans. Activities involve grooming, leading, or riding the horse, all guided by a licensed professional and an equine specialist. According to Kreuzer, Naber, Zink, Millesi, Palme, Hediger, and Glenk (2024) in the study “Horses’ Cardiovascular and Glucocorticoid Responses to Equine-Assisted Therapy with Women with Intellectual Disability: An Exploratory Study,” therapy horses participated in structured sessions lasting 45 minutes, demonstrating the typical duration required to balance therapeutic engagement and client needs.
Can Equine-Assisted Therapy Be Beneficial for Children and Adolescents?
Yes, Equine-assisted therapy is highly beneficial for children and adolescents by supporting emotional development and improving behavioral challenges. Younger patients engaging in structured equine-assisted therapy programs show measurable growth in self-regulation, emotional awareness, and focus.
Children aged 6 to 14 diagnosed with ADHD demonstrated statistically significant improvements in attention, with scores increasing by 15 points on standardized assessments after 12 weeks of therapy. Executive functioning, including problem-solving and self-management, improved by 12 points during the same period. These outcomes reflect the therapy’s ability to enhance emotional control and behavioral skills through activities such as grooming and riding.
According to Gilboa and Helmer (2020) in the study “Self-Management Intervention for Attention and Executive Functions Using Equine-Assisted Occupational Therapy Among Children Aged 6-14 Diagnosed with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder,” these therapeutic benefits help younger patients develop coping strategies, reducing risks of future maladaptive behaviors.
How Is Equine-Assisted Therapy Adapted for People With Physical Disabilities?
Equine-assisted therapy is adapted for people with physical disabilities through specialized equipment and tailored activities. Adaptive equipment such as mounting ramps, lifts, and specially designed saddles allows individuals with limited mobility to safely participate in horseback riding. Activities like grooming and leading horses are adjusted to accommodate physical capabilities, ensuring participants remain engaged without discomfort.
According to Lavín-Pérez, Collado-Mateo, Caña-Pino, Villafaina, Parraca, and Apolo-Arenas (2022) in the study “Benefits of Equine-Assisted Therapies in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review,” participants with physical disabilities experienced significant improvements in balance and muscle strength after structured therapy sessions using these adaptations.
How Does Equine-Assisted Therapy Compare to Other Therapies?
Equine-assisted therapy compares to other therapies by offering unique benefits that combine physical activity and emotional engagement through interactions with horses. Unlike traditional talk therapy, equine-assisted therapy involves experiential learning, where participants work directly with horses to develop emotional regulation, trust, and communication. The physical component of horseback riding also enhances balance and coordination, contributing to overall well-being.
Equine-assisted therapy offers a valuable approach to addiction recovery by addressing the emotional and physical challenges associated with substance use disorders. Through activities like grooming, leading, and riding horses, individuals develop emotional regulation and reduce stress, essential components of overcoming addiction. These interactions promote mindfulness and physical engagement, helping participants rebuild confidence and resilience. By fostering trust and enhancing coping mechanisms, equine-assisted therapy provides holistic support for individuals striving to achieve and maintain sobriety.
How Does Equine-Assisted Therapy Compare to Other Animal-Assisted Therapies?
Equine-assisted therapy compares to other animal-assisted therapies by offering unique physical and emotional benefits through interactions with horses. According to Sissons, Blakemore, Shafi, Skotny, and Lloyd (2022) in the study “Calm with Horses? A Systematic Review of Animal-Assisted Interventions for Improving Social Functioning in Children with Autism,” equine-assisted therapy demonstrated moderate to large improvements in social functioning, including increased communication skills and reduced anxiety, over 8 to 12 weeks of intervention. Below is a comparison of equine-assisted therapy (EAT), canine-assisted therapy (CAT), and small animal therapy (SAT):
Factors | Equine-Assisted Therapy (EAT) | Canine-Assisted Therapy (CAT) | Small Animal Therapy (SAT) |
Primary Animal Used | Horses | Dogs | Rabbits, guinea pigs |
Therapeutic Focus | Emotional regulation, physical coordination | Emotional support, stress reduction | Stress relief, sensory stimulation |
Interaction Style | Hands-on grooming, leading, riding | Petting, walking, task-based commands | Gentle handling, observation |
Movement and Physical Engagement | High through horseback riding | Moderate during walks or play | Low |
Emotional Benefits | Builds trust and emotional awareness | Provides companionship and comfort | Encourages calmness and relaxation |
Ideal Client Profiles | Individuals with emotional or physical needs | Those seeking stress or anxiety relief | Clients needing sensory or emotional support |
Session Environment | Open outdoor spaces, riding arenas | Indoor/outdoor, therapy rooms | Indoors, small therapy spaces |
Intensity of Interaction | High due to size and engagement with horses | Moderate through play and commands | Low-intensity, low-energy handling |
Unique Benefits | Combines emotional and physical therapy | Focuses on emotional bonds and loyalty | Gentle sensory therapy with minimal physical effort |
How Does Equine Therapy Align With Experiential Therapies Like Art or Wilderness Therapy?
Equine therapy aligns with experiential therapies like art or wilderness therapy by providing hands-on activities that encourage emotional expression, personal growth, and healing through direct engagement. Experiential therapies involve activities that allow individuals to explore feelings and behaviors in real-time, fostering self-awareness and skill development.
Similar to creating art or navigating challenges in nature, working with horses engages participants physically and emotionally. These activities promote emotional regulation and resilience, which are critical for individuals recovering from addiction. Grooming, leading, or riding horses mirrors the immersive processes of painting or hiking, offering opportunities for reflection and personal growth. By fostering emotional awareness and teaching effective coping strategies, equine therapy, and other experiential approaches address the root causes of addiction while building tools for long-term recovery.
Can Equine-Assisted Therapy Be Combined With Other Mental Health Therapies for Holistic Care?
Equine-assisted therapy can be combined with other mental health therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to provide holistic care. This combination allows participants to address emotional challenges through equine-assisted activities while simultaneously working with a therapist to develop cognitive and behavioral coping strategies. For instance, equine-assisted therapy enhances emotional regulation and trust through hands-on interaction with horses, while CBT helps identify and change harmful thought patterns.
Integrating these approaches creates a comprehensive treatment plan that addresses both the
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