Molly Addiction: Symptoms, Effect, Treatment and Consideration

Molly addiction involves the compulsive use of Molly, a street name for MDMA, which is a drug known for its stimulant and empathogenic effects. Molly is a synthetic psychoactive substance that affects mood and perception by increasing the activity of neurotransmitters in the brain, including serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. This heightened neurotransmitter activity leads to feelings of euphoria, but repeated use can result in tolerance, dependence, and an addiction cycle that is challenging to overcome.

Common symptoms of molly addiction include intense cravings, increased tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms like fatigue, loss of appetite, depression, and difficulty concentrating. According to Parrott, A. C., et al. ‘s 2013 study “Chronic tolerance to recreational MDMA (ecstasy) and the brain serotonin system” individuals with MDMA addiction often experience intense psychological cravings due to its effect on serotonin and dopamine pathways. Repeated use of Molly increases tolerance, meaning higher doses are required to achieve the same effects. 

The causes of molly addiction include a genetic predisposition, peer pressure, and psychological factors like seeking relief from anxiety and depression. According to Palmer, R. H. C. et al. ‘s 2015 study ‘Genetic risk factors for substance use and addiction’, genetic factors contribute to about 40-60% of an individual’s vulnerability to addiction, including MDMA addiction.

The effects of molly addiction are severe. Chronic use can lead to severe mental health issues, including anxiety, depression, and memory problems, and also increases the risk of cardiovascular issues. According to Parrott, A. C., et al. ‘s 2014 study ‘Chronic MDMA (Ecstasy) use, anxiety, depression, and serotonin levels’ regular MDMA users are four times more likely to develop chronic anxiety and depression.

Treatment for molly addiction involves a combination of medication and behavioral therapies, including cognitive behavioral therapy. Comprehensive treatment plans are essential for effective recovery and preventing relapse. Behavioral therapies, particularly Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), are highly effective in helping individuals modify their behavior and cope with cravings. According to Marlatt, G. A., et al. ‘s 2011 study ‘Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Substance Use Disorders’,  integrating CBT into treatment plans improves recovery outcomes by 20-30% and significantly reduces relapse rates.

What Is Molly Addiction? 

Molly addiction is a severe substance use disorder characterized by a physical and psychological dependence on MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine), also known as Molly or Ecstasy. This synthetic drug primarily affects the brain’s serotonin system, leading to compulsive drug-seeking behavior, tolerance development, and continued use despite negative consequences to one’s health, relationships, and daily functioning.

According to the New Jersey Division of Mental Health and Addiction Services, there were over 3,000 admissions to treatment facilities for MDMA and other club drug dependencies in 2018. Research by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) indicates that long-term MDMA use can lead to significant neurochemical changes in the brain, resulting in cognitive deficits and mood disturbances.

Is Molly addiction common among teenagers? 

Yes, Molly is a popular party drug often used by teenagers and young adults to enhance social experiences. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), MDMA use is highest among young people aged 18-25, with 2.4% of individuals in this age group reporting use in the past year. This makes Molly a popular drug in social environments frequented by teenagers and young adults.

Is Molly addiction a disease?

Yes, molly addiction is considered a disease. The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) defines addiction as a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences. Molly addiction alters the brain’s reward pathways and affects decision-making and behavior, similar to other forms of addiction.

What Are The Signs and Symptoms of Molly Addiction? 

The signs and symptoms of Molly addiction are intense cravings, increased tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, neglect of responsibilities, and social withdrawal. The key signs and symptoms of molly addiction are provided below: 

• Intense cravings: Individuals addicted to Molly experience a persistent and overpowering desire to use the drug, often thinking about it constantly and feeling an urgent need to consume it, even during abstinence. This craving is linked to significant serotonin and dopamine release during use, leading to dependence.
• Increased tolerance: Over time, users may require larger doses of Molly to achieve the same effects, as the body becomes accustomed to the drug. This increased tolerance can develop quickly with consistent use.
• Withdrawal symptoms: When not using Molly, individuals may face negative physical and psychological effects, including fatigue, depression, irritability, and sleep disturbances. Psychological symptoms, particularly depression and irritability, can be pronounced due to serotonin depletion.
• Neglect of responsibilities: Addiction to Molly can result in neglecting daily responsibilities, leading to poor performance at work or school and declining personal hygiene as users become preoccupied with the drug.
• Social withdrawal: Many users experience social isolation, avoiding interactions and activities they once enjoyed, primarily due to mood changes and anxiety from drug use.
• Behavioral changes: Some individuals may engage in risky or illegal activities, such as stealing or lying, to obtain Molly, reflecting significant changes in behavior.
• Physical signs: Users may show noticeable physical changes, including weight loss, altered appetite, and disrupted sleep patterns, which can result from Molly use.
• Mental health issues: Long-term use of Molly can lead to increased anxiety, paranoia, and mood swings, potentially exacerbating or triggering mental health disorders and affecting overall well-being.

What Are The Causes of Molly Addiction? 

The causes of Molly addiction are genetic predisposition, environmental factors, psychological issues, and early exposure to drug use. These factors increase the likelihood of developing an addiction to Molly.

• Genetic predisposition: Genetic predisposition increases the likelihood of developing a condition due to inherited genetic factors. Research suggests that individuals with a family history of substance use disorders are more likely to develop addictions themselves. A study published in Nature Genetics found that genetic heritability can account for 40-60% of the risk for addiction, indicating a strong genetic component in substance abuse vulnerability.
• Environmental factors: Environmental factors encompass the external conditions and influences that affect an individual’s likelihood of engaging in drug use, including exposure to drug use, socioeconomic status, and peer pressure. Being in environments where drug use is normalized or encouraged, such as clubs and music festivals, increases the likelihood of experimenting with and regularly using Molly. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) emphasizes that social and environmental factors are crucial in the onset and continuation of substance use.
• Psychological issues: Psychological factors refer to mental health conditions and emotional states that contribute to substance use, including disorders such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry highlights that people with untreated or poorly managed mental health disorders are at higher risk for substance use disorders, including MDMA addiction. This self-medication can lead to a cycle of dependency, as the drug temporarily alleviates psychological distress but exacerbates it in the long run.
• Early exposure to drug use: Early exposure to drugs refers to the initiation of drug use during adolescence or childhood, which significantly increases the risk of developing addiction later in life. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) reports that early exposure to drugs is a significant predictor of later substance abuse and addiction.

What Are The Effects of Molly Addiction? 

The effects of Molly addiction are severe mental health issues, physical health complications, cognitive impairments, and social consequences. These effects can significantly impact an individual’s overall well-being and quality of life.

• Severe mental health issues: Chronic use of Molly can lead to serious mental health disorders, including anxiety, depression, and increased risk of suicidal thoughts. A study published in The Lancet Psychiatry found that MDMA use is associated with long-term changes in mood and emotional regulation, often exacerbating underlying psychiatric conditions. These mental health issues can persist even after discontinuing drug use.
• Physical health complications: Molly addiction can cause a range of physical health problems, such as cardiovascular issues, including hypertension and arrhythmias, and hyperthermia, which can lead to organ failure. The Journal of Psychopharmacology reports that MDMA’s stimulant properties can place significant strain on the heart and other bodily systems, increasing the risk of acute medical emergencies.
• Cognitive impairments: Long-term use of Molly can lead to cognitive deficits, including memory problems, difficulties with attention, and impaired decision-making. Research in the Journal of Neuroscience indicates that MDMA damages serotonin-producing neurons, which play a crucial role in cognitive functions. These impairments can affect daily functioning and reduce the ability to perform complex tasks.
• Social consequences: Molly addiction often leads to significant social consequences, including strained relationships, job loss, financial difficulties, and legal issues. The Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment highlights that individuals struggling with addiction may neglect responsibilities and engage in behaviors that jeopardize their social and professional lives. The social isolation that often accompanies addiction can further exacerbate mental health issues.

How Does Molly Addiction Affect Your Physical health?

Molly addiction severely affects physical health by damaging the cardiovascular system and other major organs, including the liver, kidneys, and brain. The impact varies based on the severity of use, age, overall health, and other factors. Molly increases heart rate and blood pressure, leading to hypertension, arrhythmias, and even heart failure.

Prolonged use of Molly can also cause liver failure due to toxic buildup that the body cannot safely process. Kidney damage is another adverse side effect of using Molly, caused by dehydration.

How Can Molly Addiction Affect Your Mental health?

Molly addiction can significantly affect your mental health, often leading to disorders such as anxiety, depression, and emotional instability. Chronic use of MDMA disrupts the brain’s serotonin system, which regulates mood, resulting in heightened anxiety and depressive symptoms. According to Schifano, F., et al.’s 2014 study, “Chronic neuropsychiatric symptoms following MDMA (‘Ecstasy’) use,” long-term MDMA users are at an increased risk of developing persistent mood disorders. The emotional instability caused by Molly addiction can make it difficult to manage emotions and cope with stress, exacerbating the cycle of addiction.

How Does Molly Addiction Affect The Brain?

Molly addiction affects the brain by altering the balance of serotonin, a neurotransmitter known as the “happy chemical.” The disruption caused by addiction leads to emotional dysregulation and cognitive impairments. The damage to serotonin-producing neurons can lead to difficulties with memory, learning, and executive functions.

Users may experience problems with short-term memory, attention span, and decision-making abilities. These cognitive deficits are often linked to the neurotoxic effects of MDMA on the hippocampus, a critical region of the brain involved in memory formation. According to Parrott, A. C.’s 2013 study, “The long-term negative health consequences of MDMA (ecstasy) use: A review of prospective studies in humans,” chronic users experience prolonged neuropsychological effects, increasing the risk of relapse.

Does Molly Addiction Cause Depression?

Yes, Molly addiction can cause depression. Chronic use of MDMA affects the brain’s serotonin system, which plays a crucial role in regulating mood. According to Parrott, A. C.’s 2012) study ‘MDMA and serotonin neurotoxicity: The empirical evidence for its adverse effects in humans’, frequent MDMA users are at an increased risk of developing long-term mood disorders, including major depression, as a result of the neurotoxic effects of the drug on serotonin neurons.

How Is Molly Addiction Treated?

Molly addiction is treated through therapy, self-help groups, medications, and addressing underlying symptoms. Therapy involves structured treatment with professionals to modify drug-use behaviors and develop coping strategies. Self-help groups like Narcotics Anonymous provide peer support and community. Medications like SSRIs or benzodiazepines manage withdrawal symptoms and co-occurring mental health disorders.

Addressing underlying symptoms involves diagnosing and treating root causes such as mental health issues and socio-environmental factors. For severe addiction, in-patient programs typically last 60-90 days and show higher success rates, according to studies from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Integrated care that combines these elements has been shown to improve recovery outcomes.

See Molly addiction treatment details below:

• Therapy: Therapy is a structured treatment process involving interaction between a trained professional (psychologist, therapist, or counselor) and an individual, group, or family, aimed at addressing emotional, behavioral, and psychological issues. Behavioral therapies like cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), contingency management (CM), and motivational interviewing focus on modifying drug-use behaviors and developing coping strategies.
  
  Programs typically last 12 to 24 weeks, with long-term support continuing for several years to prevent relapse. A study published in JAMA Psychiatry found that integrating behavioral therapy with MAT led to a significant reduction in relapse rates and improved long-term outcomes compared to MAT alone. The American Psychological Association highlights that CBT alone reduces relapse rates by up to 40-50% over a year. This approach requires a long-term commitment and may not be easily accessible due to the cost of ongoing therapy sessions.
• Self Help Groups: Support groups like Narcotics Anonymous (NA) provide peer support and a community for individuals facing addiction challenges. Research published in Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research indicates that participation in 12-step programs leads to a 20-30% improvement in sustained recovery rates over time. A study in Addiction found that regular engagement in support groups enhances social support and reduces the risk of relapse. Participation is ongoing, often continuing for many years to support sustained sobriety. The main drawback is that these groups do not offer one-on-one support required for addressing the root issues of addiction.
• Medications: While there are no specific medications approved solely for treating Molly addiction, SSRIs or benzodiazepines may be prescribed to manage withdrawal symptoms and co-occurring mental health disorders like anxiety and depression. The use of medication depends on individual needs and the severity of symptoms.
  According to McCann, U. D., & Ricaurte, G. A. ‘s 2007 study ‘Effects of MDMA on human health and implications for therapeutic use’, the use of SSRIs and other antidepressants in individuals with MDMA addiction led to a 30-50% reduction in depression and anxiety symptoms during the early stages of recovery. Medications also help manage serotonin depletion caused by prolonged MDMA use, with serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) potentially used to regulate serotonin levels and address emotional dysregulation during withdrawal.
• Treating Underlying Symptoms: Underlying symptoms refer to the root causes that drive the development and persistence of conditions like addiction or mental health disorders. Proper treatment involves diagnosing and addressing underlying mental health issues (e.g., depression, anxiety, PTSD) and socio-environmental factors contributing to substance use. Studies in The American Journal of Psychiatry show that addressing co-occurring disorders significantly improves treatment outcomes, with a 50% reduction in relapse when both conditions are treated concurrently.
  The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) emphasizes integrated care as essential for effective recovery. This approach targets the root causes of addiction but requires comprehensive care from various health providers, which may be difficult for some to access due to high costs. After a medically supervised detox (about 5-10 days), patients can receive support for underlying emotional and psychological wounds. Inpatient rehab lasts 30-90 days but can extend up to 6 months or longer, depending on individual progress. Outpatient rehab has no fixed time frame and is tailored to individual needs.

What Are the Common Methods of Using Molly? 

Molly is typically taken as a pill or capsule but can also be crushed and snorted or dissolved in liquid and consumed. The most common method is oral ingestion, but some users opt for snorting or dissolving the drug to speed up the onset of effects. According to Schifano, F., et al.’s  2014 study ‘MDMA (Ecstasy): Pharmacological effects and patterns of use’, the method of consumption can influence the intensity and duration of the drug’s effects, with snorting often resulting in a quicker onset but shorter duration compared to oral use.

Is It Possible to Overdose on Molly? 

Yes, it is possible to overdose on molly. Symptoms of an overdose include high blood pressure, faintness, panic attacks, loss of consciousness, and in severe cases, seizures or death. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), high doses of MDMA can cause hyperthermia (dangerously high body temperature), which can lead to organ failure, particularly kidney and liver failure, if not treated promptly. MDMA use has been associated with over 10,000 emergency room visits annually in the United States.

How Long Does It Take to Recover from Molly Addiction? 

Recovery from Molly addiction varies depending on several factors, including the severity of the addiction, the individual’s mental health, and whether there are any co-occurring disorders. Recovery time depends on many factors and is unique to the individual. Initial detoxification may take a few days to weeks, while treatment and recovery support can extend over several months to years.